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Affect- The feeling or emotion being conveyed.
When the interpreter produces the proper affect, the emotion of the speaker is clear in the interpretation.
American Sign Language (ASL)- The sign language that is generally used in the United States of America. Many people wrongly assume that sign language is the same everywhere. In reality, there may be more different signed language than there are spoken languages. While there are many countries in the world that speak the same language...Spanish for example...it seems that there is a different sign language in nearly every country. ASL is not just a manual form of English. It has been determined by linguists to be a language in it's own right.
Articulation-When interpreting from sign to voice, articulation is the act of uttering clearly in distinct syllables. When interpreting from voice to sign, articulation is the proper. clear and distinct formation of the signs.
Audism- Stereotypes and discrimination against those who are deaf. This can take many forms. Examples: The hearing person speaking over the Deaf person and not giving them a chance to speak. Someone assuming the Deaf person is less intelligent simply because s/he is Deaf, etc.
Classifiers- Handshapes in ASL that show movement, shape, and/or size.
CODA- Child of Deaf Adult. Anyone who has a Deaf parent or parents.
Code Switching- The change from ASL to PSE or English that Deaf people often do, whether consciously or subconsciously, when a hearing person walks into the room. It is thought that this probably originated from the oppression of users of ASL in times past.
Conceptual Accuracy- Conveying the meaning of concepts, not necessarily the actual words that were spoken. For example, if I said, "Please place these words in alphabetical order." and the interpreter used the sign for order which means to command, that would not be conceptually accurate. If the interpreter signed, "list abc" that would be a conceptually accurate interpretation.
Consecutive Interpretation- Interpreting the message after it is spoken. This is often done with foreign language interpretation. Thepresenter speaks and pauses, then the interpreter provides the interpretation. When the interpreter has completed that segment of the interpretation, the presenter speaks again, and again pauses for the interpretation, and so on. This method of interpretation is being used more and more in the area of sign language interpretation, especially in the Legal arena, since it tends to provide a more accurate interpretation.
Cultural View of Deafness- The view of deafness, usually by the Deaf themselves, that there is nothing wrong with the person just because s/he can't hear. This view values ASL as the common factor that unites those who share this mindset.
Deaf/Deafness- the inability to hear. Contrary to popular belief, there are different levels of deafness. Some Deaf people can hear sounds at certain levels, so they may react to loud noises, and may even be seen listening to music on a headset. Others would get no benefit whatsoever from putting on a headset.
Expressive Skill- The ability of the interpreter to render the message into sign language.
Frozen Text- Something that will be interpreted that does not change, such as the Pledge of Allegience, or the hymns in the church. The interpreter can study frozen texts and be fully prepared to interpret them. Unlike most interpreting situations, since the frozen text doesn't change, the interpreter always knows what is coming next.
Gloss- A term interpreters use to refer to the written version of ASL. Typically it is just a representation of the word order and specific sign choices the interpreter would use. For example, a gloss of the line, "I once was blind but now I see." could be: BEFORE, ME KNOW-NOTHING. NOW ME UNDERSTAND.
Handicapped- a politiclly incorrect term used to indicate that someone has a disability. It comes from the old idea of having a cap in hand, begging.
Hard of Hearing- A person who has a hearing loss, but still retains some hearing. This term is also used by many adults who become deaf later in life and do not want people to realize they are actually deaf.
Hearing Impaired- The term often used by hearing people to refer to anyone who has a hearing loss. It often encompasses both Deaf and Hard of Hearing, and may be seen as offensive by the Deaf person, since s/he does not feel that s/he is "impaired".
Inflection-Changes in an ASL sign from one sentence to another to change the meaning. For instance, the sign "give" can move from my body toward you, to mean "I give to you" or I can move it from your general direction toward myself, meaning "you give to me". This is an inflection of the sign "give".
Interpret- To change the message from one language to another. For example, interpreting from signed ASL to spoken English, and from spoken English to ASL.
IP Relay- A service provided to allow Deaf people to place phone calls to hearing people by contacting a Communication Assistant (CA) via the internet and having that CA relay the conversation between the hearing and Deaf parties.
Lag Time- The time between the time the interpreter takes in the message and the time when the interpreter provides the interpretation. Lag time tends to be longer when working between English and ASL as it takes longer to hear the entire concept and process it into another language. When transliterating from English to English, the lag time is shorter since there is less processing to do.
Loan Signs- Signs that are found in ASL that come directly from English. Examples are the fingerspelled versions of job, bank, and style. They have taken on a unique form of fingerspelling that makes them resemble ASL, but they originally come from English.
Mainstreamed- Sent to school at the Deaf person's local school, usually with interpreters, rather than attending a residential school for the Deaf.
NMM or NMS- Non Manual Markers or Non Manual Signals. These are things such as facial expression and body movement that are part of the grammar of ASL. A simple example is shaking the head no. If I sign, "I think you right" and shake my head no, I am actually saying, "I don't think you are right". While the shaking of the head is not on the hands, or "manual" it is an important part of the grammar of the sentence.
Pathological View of Deafness- The medical view of deafness that sees the lack of hearing as a problem, an impairment.
Postlingual Deafness- Deafness that occurs after the person has acquired language skills.
Prelingual Deafness- Deafness that occurs before the person has acquired language skills. Deafness prior to language acquisition tends to have a more signifigant effect on language development.
Receptive Skill- The ability of the interpreter to "read" the signs of the Deaf client.
Register- The way a person speaks, based on the situation. If I am in a formal situation, my speech will be formal. If I am in a casual situation, I will speak in more casual terms, or use a more casual register. The interpreter must be careful that the interpretation s/he provides matches the register of the speaker.
Role Shift- A slight shift of the body used to denote more than one person speaking. If there is a conversation between two people, instead of signing, "he said..." and "she said..." the interpreter can shift slightly back and forth as each person speaks, clearly signifying who is speaking.
SEE- Signed Exact English.
Simultaneous Communication (SimCom)- This is used to refer to signing and speaking at the same time. While it is often touted as "Total Communication" and lauded as a way to ensure that the deaf person gets the information in every way possible, it actually can lead to communication problems. Studies have shown that whenever one attempts to do both sign language and speaking at the same time, one of the languages suffers. If it is being done by native English speakers, it is usually the sign language that suffers. In the end, the Deaf person cannot hear the voice, and the signed communication is not accurate.
Simultaneous Interpretation- Interpreting the message while the speaker is speaking, nearly at the same time. Most sign language is done in a near simultaneous mode.
TDD- Telecommunications Device for the Deaf. See TTY.
Transliterate- To change the message from the spoken to signed form and from signed to spoken, while working within the same language. For example, spoken English to signed English and signed English to spoken English.
Translate- To change the message from spoken or signed language to written text, or from written text to spoken or signed language. While interpreters are often referred to as translators, we really rarely ever do any translation work.
TRS- Telecommunications Relay Services. This is the service that provides Deaf people with the opportunity to make phone calls with the assistance of Communication Assistants (CA). In the most traditional sense, it is having a CA receive a TTY call from a Deaf person and then place a call to the hearing party the Deaf person needs to reach. The CA then relays the discussion between the hearing person and the Deaf person. Newer forms of relay services include IP relay and VRS.
TTY- Teletype machine. Refered to by most hearing people as a TDD. This machine can be used to type a message to someone on the phone line. Before the advent of Video Relay Services, this was the only real option for the Deaf to communicate on the phone.
VRI-Video Remote Interpreting. When a Deaf person uses an interpreter who is in a different location and connects to that interpreter through the use of a video device. VRI is generally not used for phone calls. VRI can often be used in place of having an interpreter physically come to a site to interpret.
VRS- Video Relay Services. VRS allows a Deaf person to make a phone call by placing a call to a VRS center, where the call is answered by an interpreter who then connects the caller to the hearing party. In this way, the Deaf person is able to carry on a normal phone conversation, without experiencing the delays of the traditional Telecommunications Relay Services.
Can't find the word you're looking for? Send me a quick note and I'll get back to you as soon as possible.
American Sign Language (ASL)- The sign language that is generally used in the United States of America. Many people wrongly assume that sign language is the same everywhere. In reality, there may be more different signed language than there are spoken languages. While there are many countries in the world that speak the same language...Spanish for example...it seems that there is a different sign language in nearly every country. ASL is not just a manual form of English. It has been determined by linguists to be a language in it's own right.
Articulation-When interpreting from sign to voice, articulation is the act of uttering clearly in distinct syllables. When interpreting from voice to sign, articulation is the proper. clear and distinct formation of the signs.
Audism- Stereotypes and discrimination against those who are deaf. This can take many forms. Examples: The hearing person speaking over the Deaf person and not giving them a chance to speak. Someone assuming the Deaf person is less intelligent simply because s/he is Deaf, etc.
Classifiers- Handshapes in ASL that show movement, shape, and/or size.
CODA- Child of Deaf Adult. Anyone who has a Deaf parent or parents.
Code Switching- The change from ASL to PSE or English that Deaf people often do, whether consciously or subconsciously, when a hearing person walks into the room. It is thought that this probably originated from the oppression of users of ASL in times past.
Conceptual Accuracy- Conveying the meaning of concepts, not necessarily the actual words that were spoken. For example, if I said, "Please place these words in alphabetical order." and the interpreter used the sign for order which means to command, that would not be conceptually accurate. If the interpreter signed, "list abc" that would be a conceptually accurate interpretation.
Consecutive Interpretation- Interpreting the message after it is spoken. This is often done with foreign language interpretation. Thepresenter speaks and pauses, then the interpreter provides the interpretation. When the interpreter has completed that segment of the interpretation, the presenter speaks again, and again pauses for the interpretation, and so on. This method of interpretation is being used more and more in the area of sign language interpretation, especially in the Legal arena, since it tends to provide a more accurate interpretation.
Cultural View of Deafness- The view of deafness, usually by the Deaf themselves, that there is nothing wrong with the person just because s/he can't hear. This view values ASL as the common factor that unites those who share this mindset.
Deaf/Deafness- the inability to hear. Contrary to popular belief, there are different levels of deafness. Some Deaf people can hear sounds at certain levels, so they may react to loud noises, and may even be seen listening to music on a headset. Others would get no benefit whatsoever from putting on a headset.
Expressive Skill- The ability of the interpreter to render the message into sign language.
Frozen Text- Something that will be interpreted that does not change, such as the Pledge of Allegience, or the hymns in the church. The interpreter can study frozen texts and be fully prepared to interpret them. Unlike most interpreting situations, since the frozen text doesn't change, the interpreter always knows what is coming next.
Gloss- A term interpreters use to refer to the written version of ASL. Typically it is just a representation of the word order and specific sign choices the interpreter would use. For example, a gloss of the line, "I once was blind but now I see." could be: BEFORE, ME KNOW-NOTHING. NOW ME UNDERSTAND.
Handicapped- a politiclly incorrect term used to indicate that someone has a disability. It comes from the old idea of having a cap in hand, begging.
Hard of Hearing- A person who has a hearing loss, but still retains some hearing. This term is also used by many adults who become deaf later in life and do not want people to realize they are actually deaf.
Hearing Impaired- The term often used by hearing people to refer to anyone who has a hearing loss. It often encompasses both Deaf and Hard of Hearing, and may be seen as offensive by the Deaf person, since s/he does not feel that s/he is "impaired".
Inflection-Changes in an ASL sign from one sentence to another to change the meaning. For instance, the sign "give" can move from my body toward you, to mean "I give to you" or I can move it from your general direction toward myself, meaning "you give to me". This is an inflection of the sign "give".
Interpret- To change the message from one language to another. For example, interpreting from signed ASL to spoken English, and from spoken English to ASL.
IP Relay- A service provided to allow Deaf people to place phone calls to hearing people by contacting a Communication Assistant (CA) via the internet and having that CA relay the conversation between the hearing and Deaf parties.
Lag Time- The time between the time the interpreter takes in the message and the time when the interpreter provides the interpretation. Lag time tends to be longer when working between English and ASL as it takes longer to hear the entire concept and process it into another language. When transliterating from English to English, the lag time is shorter since there is less processing to do.
Loan Signs- Signs that are found in ASL that come directly from English. Examples are the fingerspelled versions of job, bank, and style. They have taken on a unique form of fingerspelling that makes them resemble ASL, but they originally come from English.
Mainstreamed- Sent to school at the Deaf person's local school, usually with interpreters, rather than attending a residential school for the Deaf.
NMM or NMS- Non Manual Markers or Non Manual Signals. These are things such as facial expression and body movement that are part of the grammar of ASL. A simple example is shaking the head no. If I sign, "I think you right" and shake my head no, I am actually saying, "I don't think you are right". While the shaking of the head is not on the hands, or "manual" it is an important part of the grammar of the sentence.
Pathological View of Deafness- The medical view of deafness that sees the lack of hearing as a problem, an impairment.
Postlingual Deafness- Deafness that occurs after the person has acquired language skills.
Prelingual Deafness- Deafness that occurs before the person has acquired language skills. Deafness prior to language acquisition tends to have a more signifigant effect on language development.
Receptive Skill- The ability of the interpreter to "read" the signs of the Deaf client.
Register- The way a person speaks, based on the situation. If I am in a formal situation, my speech will be formal. If I am in a casual situation, I will speak in more casual terms, or use a more casual register. The interpreter must be careful that the interpretation s/he provides matches the register of the speaker.
Role Shift- A slight shift of the body used to denote more than one person speaking. If there is a conversation between two people, instead of signing, "he said..." and "she said..." the interpreter can shift slightly back and forth as each person speaks, clearly signifying who is speaking.
SEE- Signed Exact English.
Simultaneous Communication (SimCom)- This is used to refer to signing and speaking at the same time. While it is often touted as "Total Communication" and lauded as a way to ensure that the deaf person gets the information in every way possible, it actually can lead to communication problems. Studies have shown that whenever one attempts to do both sign language and speaking at the same time, one of the languages suffers. If it is being done by native English speakers, it is usually the sign language that suffers. In the end, the Deaf person cannot hear the voice, and the signed communication is not accurate.
Simultaneous Interpretation- Interpreting the message while the speaker is speaking, nearly at the same time. Most sign language is done in a near simultaneous mode.
TDD- Telecommunications Device for the Deaf. See TTY.
Transliterate- To change the message from the spoken to signed form and from signed to spoken, while working within the same language. For example, spoken English to signed English and signed English to spoken English.
Translate- To change the message from spoken or signed language to written text, or from written text to spoken or signed language. While interpreters are often referred to as translators, we really rarely ever do any translation work.
TRS- Telecommunications Relay Services. This is the service that provides Deaf people with the opportunity to make phone calls with the assistance of Communication Assistants (CA). In the most traditional sense, it is having a CA receive a TTY call from a Deaf person and then place a call to the hearing party the Deaf person needs to reach. The CA then relays the discussion between the hearing person and the Deaf person. Newer forms of relay services include IP relay and VRS.
TTY- Teletype machine. Refered to by most hearing people as a TDD. This machine can be used to type a message to someone on the phone line. Before the advent of Video Relay Services, this was the only real option for the Deaf to communicate on the phone.
VRI-Video Remote Interpreting. When a Deaf person uses an interpreter who is in a different location and connects to that interpreter through the use of a video device. VRI is generally not used for phone calls. VRI can often be used in place of having an interpreter physically come to a site to interpret.
VRS- Video Relay Services. VRS allows a Deaf person to make a phone call by placing a call to a VRS center, where the call is answered by an interpreter who then connects the caller to the hearing party. In this way, the Deaf person is able to carry on a normal phone conversation, without experiencing the delays of the traditional Telecommunications Relay Services.
Can't find the word you're looking for? Send me a quick note and I'll get back to you as soon as possible.
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Copyright Signing His Praises 2007
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